CHAPTER SEVEN

Animal-Source Foods

Their Role in Sustainable Healthy Diets

Jef L. Leroy and Silvia Alonso

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Incorporating animal-source foods into sustainable healthy diets will require shifting consumption patterns around the world to benefit human health and planetary well-being

OVERVIEW

  • Animal-source foods (ASFs) are an excellent source of high-quality proteins and bioavailable micronutrients that can be difficult or impossible to obtain from plant-source foods. ASFs are particularly important for individuals with high nutrient requirements, such as young children.
  • ASF consumption can contribute to negative health outcomes. Processed meat is known to be carcinogenic; however, the association between noncommunicable diseases and consumption of unprocessed red meat and saturated fatty acids continues to be debated. Unsafe animal products are an important contributor to foodborne disease worldwide.
  • Global livestock production has substantial negative effects on the environment, but the impact varies widely by type of ASF, production system, and region. The largest impacts are seen with ruminant production.
  • Demand for ASFs is growing and expected to grow further, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due to urbanization, changes in dietary preferences, and population growth.

More sustainable and healthy consumption of ASFs can be encouraged in various ways:

  • Promote a shift toward more plant-based diets in high-income countries and other populations with excess intake of ASFs through, for example, public awareness campaigns and adjusting prices to include environmental costs.
  • Support increased ASF consumption among populations with deficient diets in LMICs, for instance by making ASFs more affordable through increased farm productivity, improved market efficiency, and by raising household income, for example, using social safety nets.
  • Address foodborne disease with better monitoring and food safety systems, especially in informal markets.
  • Invest in sustainable ASF production systems to benefit human health and keep global livestock production within planetary boundaries.
  • Develop and test food system and food environment innovations that promote moderate ASF consumption in countries at all income levels.

Browse Chapters

Chapter One

Advancing Nutrition

Chapter Two

Diets and Nutrition

Chapter Three

Demand-Side Approaches

Chapter Four

Diet Affordability

Chapter Five

Food Environments

Chapter Six

Plant-Source Foods

Chapter Seven

Animal-Source Foods

Chapter Eight

Improved Governance

DOWNLOADS

Chapter One: Advancing Nutrition: Food System Policies and Actions for Healthy Diets​

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Chapter Two: Diets and Nutrition: The Potential of a Food Systems Approach

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Chapter Three: Demand-Side Approaches: Supporting Healthier Food Choices

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Chapter Four: Diet Affordability: Understanding the High Cost of Healthy Diets​

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Chapter Five: Food Environments: Improving their Healthfulness

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Chapter Six: Plant-Source Foods: Leveraging Crops for Nutrition and Healthy Diets

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Chapter Seven: Animal-Source Foods: Their Role in Sustainable Healthy Diets​

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Chapter Eight: Improved Governance: Creating Supportive Environments for Diet and Nutrition Policies​

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