Chapter Five
Toward Inclusive Food Systems
Pandemics, Vulnerable Groups, and the Role of Social Protection
Neha Kumar, Agnes Quisumbing, Aulo Gelli, Ugo Gentilini, and Sara Shapleigh
The urban poor, informal workers, and women have born the brunt of the pandemic, with loss of jobs, incomes, and increasing inequities.
KEY FINDINGS
- Poverty, poor health, and malnutrition not only result from pandemic stresses, but they also contribute to pandemic-related risks that impact wellbeing and worsen existing inequities.
- Vulnerable groups have been most affected by disruptions to food systems, such as lockdowns, through loss of employment and incomes.
- The urban poor, especially informal workers and women, have borne the brunt of health and employment impacts. Refugees and internally displaced persons have also been disproportionately affected.
- Men, women, and children experience different risks and stresses. Women have been more likely to experience increased domestic violence and food insecurity, reduced autonomy, and loss of income.
- Social protection is critical for supporting vulnerable groups and has expanded to an unprecedented degree. But many people were still left without coverage, and programs were rarely gender sensitive.
KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
- Develop a better understanding of pandemic-related risks and stresses as well as requirements for effective social protection and related financing during a crisis.
- Use evidence to support policymakers’ efforts to strengthen food system resilience to support vulnerable groups. Test and document local, context-specific innovations.
- Protect, rebuild, and strengthen women’s rights and control over assets, both during the pandemic and for long-term food system transformation.
- Strengthen women’s ability to build social capital by supporting group-based programs, which can also be effective service-delivery mechanisms.
- Adopt and improve on innovative responses to the pandemic, including use of digital transfers and expansion of social protection to informal workers, with attention to reducing inequities such as the digital divide.
- Consider complementary programming on gender-based violence, mental health, and maternal and reproductive health for all social protection programs.
- Distill lessons from pandemic responses so that social programs and policies can be redesigned to reduce gender, ethnic, and other inequalities to limit the impact of the next pandemic and promote an inclusive food system transformation.
Browse Chapters
Chapter One
Beyond the Pandemic
Chapter Two
Resilience
Chapter Three
Nutrition
Chapter Four
Natural Resources and Environment
Chapter Five
Toward Inclusive Food Systems
Chapter Six
Food Supply Chains
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